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本文介绍应用压电现象和哥氏力来敏感旋转速率的压电晶体陀螺,因其是以元件的固体性能来测量角速率,故又称固态压电晶体陀螺。它消除了普通陀螺的旋转部份,成功地解决了长寿命和高可靠性问题,是陀螺发展史上的一次革命。它已成功地在飞机的控制系统中试用过,亦有可能在洲际导弹的控制系统中使用。当使用精密的积分器时,它能提供在驾驶间前面显示器中姿态参考的功能。灵敏限为0.001度/秒的压电晶体陀螺还可考虑用于卫星姿态控制。压电晶体陀螺有振梁式,圆管式,音叉式、圆盘式……等多种结构,这里重点介绍振梁式压电晶体陀螺。振梁式压电晶体陀螺的基本元件是一根两端自由梁,在梁的两个节点处支撑,用贴在梁表面的压电换能器(驱动换能器)使梁在驱动平面产生基波弯曲振动,由于输入角速率引起的哥氏力所产生的梁振动的变化,用与驱动平面正交的读出面内的换能器(读出换能器)检测,并用电路放大和解调压电晶体陀螺的电压输出。本文介绍压电晶体陀螺的国外研究动态、工作原理、结构设计和制作工艺的一般情况。
In this paper, we introduce the piezoelectric crystal gyroscope, which is based on piezoelectric phenomenon and Coriolis force, which is sensitive to the rotation rate. It is also called solid-state piezoelectric crystal gyroscope because it measures the angular velocity based on the solid performance of the device. It eliminates the rotating part of the ordinary gyro, successfully solve the problem of long life and high reliability, is a revolution in the history of the gyro. It has been successfully tested in aircraft control systems and may also be used in intercontinental missile control systems. When used with sophisticated integrators, it provides the ability to reference gestures in the front of the driver’s cab. Piezoelectric crystal gyros with a sensitivity limit of 0.001 deg / sec can also be considered for satellite attitude control. Piezoelectric crystal gyroscope vibrating beam, tube, tuning fork, disc type ...... And so on a variety of structures, here focuses on vibrating beam piezoelectric crystal gyroscope. The basic element of a vibrating beam piezoelectric gyro is a free beam at both ends supported at two nodes of the beam with a piezoelectric transducer (drive transducer) affixed to the surface of the beam causing the beam to be generated in the drive plane Beam bending vibration, Coriolis force caused by the input angular velocity of the beam vibration changes, with the drive plane perpendicular to the reading surface of the transducer (read transducer) detection, and use the circuit to amplify and Demodulation piezoelectric crystal gyro voltage output. This article introduces the foreign research trends, working principle, structural design and manufacturing process of piezoelectric crystal gyroscope.