一、使学生认识世界的客观性辩证唯物主义世界观的基本观点是:“物质第一性,意识第二性”。但是在教学过程中,我们不能把这些观点直接地向学生硬灌。而必须把化学课的讲授和辩证法则联系起来。例如,在开始讲解物质时,就要广泛地联系实际,使学生深刻了解自然界一切物体都是由物质构成的。然后再逐步深入地研究物质的内部构造——物质由分子组成、分子由原子组成、原子由电子和原子核组成、原子核又由质子和中子等组成。因为分子、原子、质子、电子……等小微粒都是不能直接知觉的。当形成这个概念时,如果不能以生动的事例来证明,就很可能把学生引导到唯心主义的道路上去。例如最初介绍原子-分子论时,有的学生就说:“讲了半天原子、分子,到底什么样谁也没看见过,说不定这是科学 First, to enable students to understand the objectivity of the world Dialectical materialist world view is the basic point: “material first nature, consciousness second sex.” However, in the process of teaching, we can not directly refute these views to the students. Instead, chemistry class teaching and dialectics must be linked. For example, when beginning to explain matter, it is necessary to make a broad connection with reality and to give students a profound understanding of the fact that all objects in nature are made of matter. Then we study the internal structure of matter step by step. Material is composed of molecules, atoms are made of atoms, atoms are made of electrons and nuclei, and nucleus is made of protons and neutrons. Because the molecules, atoms, protons, electrons and other small particles are not directly perceived. When this concept is formed, it is quite possible to lead the student to the path of idealism if it can not be proved vividly. For example, the first introduction of atomic - molecular theory, some students said: "Speaking for a long time atoms, molecules, in the end no one has seen it before, maybe this is science