β受体阻滞剂是多种心血管疾病的治疗基石，艾司洛尔作为超短效作用的静脉β受体阻滞剂，具有起效迅速、代谢快、方便调控的特点，是心律失常急性期治疗的重要药物。艾司洛尔阻断交感神经兴奋，具有负性肌力、负性频率、降低血压等多重作用，临床应用时常面临既有适应证又有相对禁忌证的情况，需掌握好适应证和禁忌证，规范合理用药。“,”β-receptor blocker is the cornerstone for the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases. Esmolol, an ultra-short-acting intravenous β-receptor blocker, is characterized with rapid onset of action, a fast metabolism process and convenience in adjusting its effect. It is an important drug in the treatment of acute arrhythmia. By blocking sympathetic excitation, esmolol has other multiple effects, such as negative inotropic action, negative chronotropic action, lowering blood pressure etc. Relative contraindications of its application may occur in clinical practice. Thus, it is of great necessity to master the indications and contraindications for the standard prescriptions and rational administration of the drug.