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影响因子(IF)自1972年问世以来,一直是出版业和科研界备受关注的议题之一。该指标在具有强大生命力的同时,其局限性也时常受到质疑。本文综述了采用IF评价期刊的局限性,其主要包括:(1)难以将不同主题的期刊进行直接比较;(2)统计时段定为2年对一些领域不公平;(3)文献引用中存在人为干扰;(4)文献引用存在随意性;(5)检索系统数据库及语言对IF的数值有较大影响。此外,还综述了采用IF评价科研人员的局限性,以及这样做所产生的不良后果:(1)引导科研人员涌入规模较大的研究领域;(2)抑制科技创新。基于以上研究提出,无论是评价单篇文章还是期刊或者科学家,都要将IF与其他指标相结合,建立适宜的评价指标体;同时要重视同行评议。
Impact Factor (IF) has been one of the most talked-about topics in the publishing and scientific community since its introduction in 1972. While this indicator has great vitality, its limitations are often questioned. This paper reviews the limitations of using IF evaluation journals, which mainly include: (1) It is difficult to directly compare journals with different topics; (2) Statistics period is set as 2 years unfair to some areas; (3) Man-made interference; (4) literature references are arbitrary; (5) retrieval system database and language have a greater impact on the value of IF. In addition, a review of the limitations of using the IF to evaluate the scientific researcher and the negative consequences of doing so are: (1) to guide the influx of researchers into the larger research area, and (2) to curb technological innovation. Based on the above research, whether it is to evaluate a single article or a journal or a scientist, it is necessary to combine the IF with other indicators to establish a suitable evaluation index body, and at the same time attach importance to peer review.