论文部分内容阅读
对于高扰动流域实施径流观测,因扰动导致流域形态发生剧烈变化,其水文特性亦发生剧烈改变。美国学者J.V.Bonta等应用D rop-box测流堰,对扰动过程所产生的水土流失,进行了全面地研究。以流域尺度进行水土流失研究时所面临的通病,想量化流域表面所发生的时空变化,从经济的角度来说是不可能的。遭受土地扰动的流域具有未经扰动流域的水文稳定性是不可能的。流域尺度上进行扰动影响的研究是长期的,具有很大的风险。同时径流观测试验存在着经济条件、气象条件、社会条件等限制因素。诸如对照流域设置、流域前期现状调查、观测中后期扰动问题等。因而研究人员建议:在剧烈扰动地区开展这项研究,大约需要10 a的时间。采用“3S”技术,将有助于对流域的研究。要求监测设备必须具有很好的适应性和高度的可靠性,D rop-box测流堰可能是在多沙河段能够获得有效的径流和水化学资料的唯一的一种观测设施。
For runoff observation in high perturbed watershed, due to the disturbance, the shape of the river basin drastically changes, and its hydrological characteristics also change drastically. The American scholar J.V.Bonta and other applications D rop-box weir, the disturbance caused by soil erosion, conducted a comprehensive study. It is not economically feasible to quantify the temporal and spatial changes that occur on the surface of a river basin when it comes to the study of soil and water loss at a watershed scale. Hydrological stability in a watershed subject to disturbance from a land without disturbance is not possible. The study on the effects of disturbances on river basin scales is long-term and has great risks. At the same time, the runoff observation test has some limiting factors such as economic conditions, meteorological conditions and social conditions. Such as the setting of the control basin, the investigation of the status quo of the valley in the early stage and the perturbation of the middle and later stages of observation. Therefore, the researchers suggested that it would take about 10 years to carry out this study in areas with severe disturbance. The use of “3S” technology will help to study watersheds. Monitoring equipment needs to be well adapted and highly reliable, and the Dop-box weir may be the only observational facility capable of achieving effective runoff and water chemistry at the Dousha Reach.