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目的了解2015年南京某研究所科研人员高血压患病及其危险因素,为科研人员高血压社区规范化管理提供科学依据。方法利用整群抽样的方法,选择2015年南京某研究所参加体检的科研人员共1 436人作为研究对象,进行问卷调查(内容包括人口基本情况、吸烟饮酒情况)、体格检查(测量身高、体重、血压)和相关生化指标检测(包括空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)。采用logistic回归分析高血压的危险因素。结果本次调查人群高血压患病率34.19%。高血压在不同性别、年龄组、不同血糖和血脂水平、不同体质指数(body mass index,BMI)等的人群中患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,男性患病率(41.5%)高于女性(26.3%)(P<0.001);高血压患病率随年龄增长逐渐升高(P<0.001);超重与肥胖者高血压(47.1%,52.1%)患病率高于正常人(28.2%)(P<0.001);吸烟及饮酒频率越高者高血压患病率越高(P<0.05);同时,血脂以及空腹血糖异常者高血压患病率较高(均P<0.01);多因素logistic回归显示:年龄45~<60岁(OR=3.320,95%CI:1.988~5.546,P<0.001)、年龄60~<75岁(OR=10.375,95%CI:6.421~16.766,P<0.001)、年龄75~岁(OR=18.526,95%CI:10.988~31.207,P<0.001)、男性(OR=1.657,95%CI:1.251~2.197,P<0.001)、超重(OR=1.824,95%CI:1.340~2.482,P<0.001)、肥胖(OR=2.126,95%CI:1.161~3.894,P=0.015)以及甘油三酯升高(OR=1.423,95%CI:1.049~1.929,P=0.023)、总胆固醇升高(OR=1.536,95%CI:1.033~2.285,P=0.034)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高(OR=1.668,95%CI:1.213~2.294,P=0.002)和空腹血糖升高(OR=1.517,95%CI:1.124~2.048,P=0.006)为科研人员高血压患病的独立危险因素。体重过低(OR=0.438,95%CI:0.247~0.774,P=0.005)是高血压患病的保护性因素(P<0.001)。结论 2015年南京某研究所科研人员中高血压患病率处于较高水平,年龄、性别、超重、肥胖以及甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和空腹血糖升高为科研人员高血压的危险因素。应及时开展危险因素的干预,结合科研人员职业特点开展高血压社区规范化管理。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in a research institute in Nanjing in 2015 and to provide a scientific basis for the standardized management of hypertensive communities in scientific research personnel. Methods Using cluster sampling method, a total of 1 436 scientific researchers participated in a medical examination in a Nanjing institute in 2015 were selected as research subjects. Questionnaires (including basic population, smoking and drinking), physical examination (height, weight , Blood pressure) and related biochemical markers (including fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol). Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for hypertension. Results The prevalence of hypertension in this survey population was 34.19%. The prevalence of hypertension in different gender, age group, different blood glucose and blood lipid levels, body mass index (BMI) and other population differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Among them, the prevalence of male was higher than that of female (41.5%) (26.3%) (P <0.001); the prevalence of hypertension increased with age (P <0.001); hypertension (47.1% 52.1%) were higher than those in normal people (28.2%) (P <0.001). The higher the prevalence of smoking and drinking were, the higher the prevalence of hypertension was (P <0.05) (OR = 3.320,95% CI: 1.988-5.546, P <0.001), and the age ranged from 60 to <75 years (OR = 3.320,95% CI: 1.988-5.546, P <0.001) (OR = 1.657, 95% CI: 1.251 ~ 0.997, P <0.001), and the difference was statistically significant 2.197, P <0.001), overweight (OR = 1.824,95% CI: 1.340-2.482, P <0.001) and obesity (OR = 2.126,95% CI: 1.161-3.894, P = 0.015) and triglyceride (OR = 1.423, 95% CI: 1.049-1.929, P = 0.023), total cholesterol (OR = 1.536,95% CI: 1.033-2.285, P = 0.034), elevated LDL cholesterol (OR = (OR = 1.517, 95% CI: 1.124-2.048, P = 0.006) were independent risk factors for hypertension in the study population. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in those with hypertension (1.668,95% CI: 1.213-2.294, P = 0.002) Hypothyroidism (OR = 0.438, 95% CI: 0.247-0.754, P = 0.005) was a protective factor in the prevalence of hypertension (P <0.001). Conclusion In 2015, the prevalence rate of hypertension among researchers in a Nanjing institute was high. Age, sex, overweight, obesity, and triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose were elevated Risk factors. Should be timely intervention of risk factors, combined with the professional characteristics of scientific research personnel to carry out standardized management of hypertensive communities.