明末清初的中国,宋明理学日趋空疏衰败,针对阳明心学末流的日益反动,明后期蔚然形成一股内容深刻丰富、影响广泛而又深远的学术思潮——明清实学思潮。方以智便是在这个艰难转型时期中,比较有影响的崇尚实学的知识分子,他的思想及著述也深刻反映了当时的这种实学思潮。 In the late Ming and early Qing China, the Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming dynasties became increasingly vain and decayed. Against the increasingly reactionary movement of Yang Ming's mind flow, the later Ming dynasty formed a profound, extensive and far-reaching academic trend of thought in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Fang Yizhi was an influential intellectual who practiced solid learning in this difficult period of transition. His thoughts and writings also profoundly reflected this trend of real learning at that time.