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互训是《说文》中重要的训诂方法,段玉裁以大徐本为底本,参照小徐本,从文字、音韵、训诂等不同方面对《说文》互训进行了精细的校勘和注解。以许慎原著和段注为底本来探究汉语互训字的变化,需要回归到义位的层面,结合书证考证其发展。义位的考查既可以探究先秦词汇的使用面貌和同义词自身的演变规律,又可以把握现代汉语部分双音节词的成词规律。大徐本和段注改字后形成的互训字,在现代汉语中已经凝结成96组双音词语。限于篇幅,随机选取“更/改,祭/祀,珍/宝”3组,依据书证对它们义位的发展与成词规律做历时的考查。
Cross-training is an important method of exegesis in “Shuo Wen”. Duan Yu-cai makes a great collation with XU Xuben and Xiao Xuben from the different aspects of writing, phonology, exegesis and so on annotation. With Xu Shen original and paragraph notes as the basis, we should explore the changes of Chinese cross-motivation words, and we need to return to the aspect of dignity. The examination of sememe can explore the use of pre-Qin vocabulary and the evolution law of the synonym itself, and can grasp the law of the formation of some disyllable words in modern Chinese. Daxu Ben and paragraph note after the formation of the word of mutual training, in modern Chinese has condensed into 96 pairs of two-tone words. Due to the limited space, we randomly selected 3 groups: “More / Change, Sacrifice / Si, Zhen / Bao ”.