Apoptosis and viability of PC12 cells following 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced injury were monitored by flow cytometry, following Annexin V-propidium iodide double labeling, and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, respectively. The release of lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase activity and levels of malondialdehyde were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and the intracellular concentration of calcium were determined by flow cytometry, and the activity of caspase-3 was monitored by western blot. According to cell viability and apoptosis studies, MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was inhibited in the presence of 10 μg/mL of Eleutheroside B. Our results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of Eleutheroside B, following MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, involves increasing the anti-oxidative stress capacity of cells, maintaining the high-energy state of mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing intracellular calcium concentration and inhibiting caspase-3 activity.