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杜丘脸上掠过一丝苦笑。 杜丘苦笑了一下。 这是日本小说《涉过愤怒的河》的两种汉译本中对同一句话的不同译文,语义显然是相同的,但是,如果要对这两个句子进行语法分析,便会碰到一个问题:“苦笑”是什么词?从在句中的作用来看,第一句中“苦笑”是宾语“一丝苦笑”的中心语,第二句中的“苦笑”,是述语,但能否因此认为前者是名词,后者是动词? 还有这样的说法:一声苦笑——苦笑—声,能不能仅仅根据“一声”的位置来改变“苦笑”的词性? 考察一下“×笑”格式的词,可以看到“苦笑”的问题并非偶然。我们先看看“×笑”家族吧:
Duqiu face a trace of smile. Duqiu wry smile. This is clearly the same semantics of the two translations of the same sentence in the two Chinese versions of the Japanese novel “Angry River.” However, if we are to parse the two sentences syntactically, we encounter a problem : “Smile” is the word? From the role of the sentence, the first sentence of “smile” is the object “a trace of smile,” the central language, the second sentence of “smile” is rhetoric, but can So think the former is a noun, the latter is a verb? There is such a statement: a smile - smile - can not just “sound” position to change the “smile” part of speech? Check the “x-laugh” format Words, you can see the “smile” problem is not accidental. Let’s take a look at “x laugh” family it: