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一、引言进入80年代以来,世界的铝产量已达到一千六百万吨,在现代金属材料中,铝合金材料仅次于钢铁,居第二位。铝合金材料具有比重小,导热、导电性能高,抗腐蚀性能和塑性好,色泽美观,无低温脆性,易于成型等优点。铝合金材料不仅是飞机、火箭等的重要结构材料,而且也是良好的功能材料。它除了在航空、航天工业中被大量使用以外,业已广泛地应用到国民经济和人民日常生活的各个领域,如交通运输、建筑工业、电气工业、机械制造、化学工业、食品包装等工业部门。随着科学技术的发展,铝合金材料的应用在不断扩大。在结构材料中,出现了以铝代铜、以铝代钢和用铝材代替贵重金属的发展趋势,从而在轻量化、节约能源及提高效率等方面取得了显著的效果。
I. INTRODUCTION Since the 1980s, the world’s aluminum production has reached 16 million tons. Among modern metal materials, aluminum alloy material ranks second only to steel and steel. Aluminum alloy with a small proportion of thermal conductivity, high conductivity, corrosion resistance and good plasticity, beautiful color, no low temperature brittleness, easy to shape and so on. Aluminum alloy material is not only an important structural material for aircraft, rockets, etc., but also a good functional material. Apart from being widely used in the aerospace and aerospace industries, it has been widely applied in various fields such as transportation, construction industry, electrical industry, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, food packaging and other sectors of the national economy and people’s daily life. With the development of science and technology, the application of aluminum alloy material is expanding. Among the structural materials, there has been a development trend of replacing copper with aluminum, replacing steel with aluminum and replacing precious metals with aluminum, thereby achieving remarkable results in terms of weight reduction, energy conservation and efficiency improvement.