呼吸困难是新生儿期较常见的一组威胁生命的紧急征候。可由呼吸系统本身及肺外疾病(心血管、中枢神经、血液系统疾病,代谢紊乱及某些先天畸形等)所致。必须尽快做出鉴别诊断,以保证及时有效地治疗。新生儿呼吸困难的临床表现可有呼吸增快(未成熟儿>55次/分,足月儿>45次/分),呼吸暂停,发绀,呼气延长,呻吟,呼气喘鸣及三凹征象。常见病因一、呼吸道梗阻喉蹼,声带麻痹,气道或支气管狭窄。二、肺部疾病新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征,吸入性肺炎(胎粪、羊水、乳汁或血液吸入),感染性肺炎(细菌或病毒引起),肺不张,肺气肿,气胸,纵隔气肿,脓气胸,肺出血,先天性肺部淋巴管扩张, Dyspnea is a more common set of life-threatening symptoms in the neonatal period. May be caused by the respiratory system itself and extrapulmonary diseases (cardiovascular, central nervous system, blood system diseases, metabolic disorders and some congenital malformations). Differential diagnosis must be made as soon as possible to ensure timely and effective treatment. Breathing difficulties in newborns may have respiratory manifestations (immature children> 55 beats / min, term infants> 45 beats / min), apnea, cyanosis, prolonged exhalation, moaning, breathless wheezing, . Common causes of a respiratory laryngeal webbed vocal cord paralysis, airway or bronchial stenosis. Second, lung disease neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, aspiration pneumonia (meconium, amniotic fluid, milk or blood inhalation), infectious pneumonia (caused by bacteria or viruses), atelectasis, emphysema, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema , Pus pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, congenital pulmonary lymphatic dilatation,