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CRISPR/Cas是一种在细菌和古细菌中发现的获得性免疫防御系统,目前己发现的CRISPR/Cas系统包括Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型,其中Ⅱ型系统的组成较简单,由其改造成的CRISPR/Cas9技术已成为一种便捷、高效的基因组编辑工具,广泛地应用于动物、植物、微生物等基因功能和遗传改良研究.本研究主要介绍了CRISPR/Cas9的组成和原理,及其在作物基因功能研究和育种中的应用,并对其进一步在作物遗传改良中的发展进行了探讨.“,”CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR associated proteins)is an acquired immune system found in bacteria and archaea.CRISPR/Cas systems are currently classified into three main types:Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,of which type Ⅱ has relatively simple components.The CRISPR/Cas9 technology modified from type Ⅱ CRISPR/Cas system is a facile,efficient genome editing tool and widely used in gene functions and genetic modification of animal,plant and microorganism.In this review,we briefly survey the composition and principles of the CRISPR/Cas9 system,and also overview of recent advances with the CRISPR/ Cas9 system,highlights their practicalities on crops gene function research and genetic breeding.Finally,we discussed the future of the genome technology application in crop genetic improvement.