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本文在研读阿多诺《最低限度的道德:对被损害生活的反思》《道德哲学的问题》和《否定的辩证法》等著作的基础上,着重探讨其非同一性道德哲学的主题:个体生命相对于道德法则的优先性。文章认为,阿多诺在其非同一性哲学的视域中,试图以解决客体与主体、特殊与一般、个体与社会之间对立关系的否定的辩证法(“非唯心主义的辩证法”)来赋予个体生命以优先性。与此同时,这种基于个体生命的非同一性道德哲学是一种否定主义,它强调作为一种私人伦理学的道德哲学只能是一种通向正确生活的“否定的指南”。
On the basis of studying works such as Adorno’s “Minimal Morality: Reflections on Damaged Life”, “Problems of Moral Philosophy” and “Negative Dialectics”, this article focuses on the theme of his non-identity moral philosophy: individual life Relative to the priority of moral law. The article holds that Adorno tried to negate the dialectic ( “non-idealist dialectics ”) of opposing relationship between object and subject, special and general, individual and society in his perspective of non-identity philosophy, To give individual life priority. At the same time, this non-identity moral philosophy based on individual life is a kind of negation. It emphasizes that moral philosophy as a private ethics can only be a “negative guide” to a correct life.