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日本于1989年2月10日公布的“小学学习指导要领”,修改了小学低年级的学科构成,新设生活科,废止低年级的社会科和理科。以生活科代替社会科和理科并不是一时的决定,而是经过长期考虑的,它是以对低年级教育几乎长达二十年的不断评价为背景的。它的基本出发点在于: 1.从谋求充实小学低年级整体教育的观关出发,在低年级里,要重视国语与算数等基础的学力和生活与学习的基础的能力与态度的培养。 2.由于低年级儿童的身心发展是以通过具体活动为特征的,要改善适应这一特征的教育内容,应使幼、小教育衔接进一步紧密化。
Japan’s “Guidelines for Elementary School Learning” promulgated on February 10, 1989, revised the composition of the lower grades of primary school, newly established Living Section, and abolished the social sciences and sciences in the lower grades. It is not a momentary decision to replace the social sciences and sciences with the life sciences. It is a long-term consideration. It is based on the continuous evaluation of lower-level education for almost two decades. Its basic starting point lies in: 1. Starting from the viewpoint of seeking to enrich the overall education of the lower grades in primary schools, in the lower grades, we should attach importance to the cultivation of the abilities and attitudes that form the foundation of math and arithmetic and the basis for life and learning. 2. Since the physical and mental development of children in lower grades is characterized by specific activities, the education content that adapts to this feature needs to be improved, and the cohesion of children and young people should be further tightened.