什么是伊斯兰教?在什么意义上讲,它是一个适合于历史研究的领域?伊斯兰教和基督教一样,首先是一种宗教,但作者关心的、不是狭隘意义上的宗教史。伊斯兰教扎根到以前属于拜占廷帝国和萨珊王朝的行省后,面对着比它更古老,发展得更完善的宗教,迫使它不得不维护和明确表示自己的自主权。与早先的犹太教和基督教一样,伊斯兰教受到希腊哲学的挑战。它采用 What is Islam? In what sense is it a field suitable for historical research? Islam, like Christianity, is primarily a religion, but the author is not concerned with religious history in a narrow sense. Having taken root in previous provinces belonging to the Byzantine Empire and to the Sassanids, Islam has faced an even more developed and better-developed religion than it has ever been, forcing it to defend and explicitly state its autonomy. As with earlier Judaism and Christianity, Islam was challenged by Greek philosophy. It uses