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Ⅰ.引论纱线中纺织纤维的性状以及织物中纱线的性状,在很大程度上受纤维表面特性的影响。对纤维表面形态及其结构进行适当的改性处理,可以改变织物的外观及其服用性能。长期来,从纤维鉴别、特征观察到结构测定,光学显微镜一直是纺织试验和实验室里最有用的仪器之一。然而,即使在低放大倍数下,光学显微镜的景深也远较纤维的平均直径为小,所以,要获得纤维的整体外貌,是十分不容易的;在高放大倍数时,情况就更糟。而透射电
I. INTRODUCTION The properties of the textile fibers and the properties of the yarns in the fabric are largely influenced by the surface properties of the fibers. Appropriate modification of the fiber surface morphology and its structure can change the appearance of the fabric and its take-up performance. Over the years, optical microscopy has long been one of the most useful instruments in textile testing and laboratories, from the identification of fibers to the characterization of structures. However, even at low magnifications, the optical microscope’s depth of field is much smaller than the average diameter of the fiber, making it difficult to obtain the overall appearance of the fiber; worse at higher magnifications. Transmission