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目的研究上海市2000—2014年7~18岁儿童青少年身体素质状况及变化趋势,为改善学生体质健康水平提供依据。方法采用LMS法拟合上海市2000,2005,2010和2014年7~18岁儿童青少年身体素质指标的P50百分位数曲线,分析变化规律及性别差异。结果握力、50 m跑及坐位体前屈(女)指标成绩P50各年龄段均有所提高(P值均<0.05),其中男、女生握力分别平均提高3.13,3.15 kg,女生坐位体前屈平均提高0.8 cm。立定跳远、斜身引体(男)、引体向上(男)、1 min仰卧起坐(女)、50 m×8往返跑、1 000 m跑(男)、800 m跑(女)及坐位体前屈(男)指标成绩P50均有所下降(P值均<0.05),其中立定跳远男、女生分别平均下降11.0,8.59 cm,耐力跑成绩男、女生分别下降2.75,2.32 s。结论上海市儿童青少年下肢爆发力、肌肉耐力、有氧耐力出现下降趋势,需采取针对性的应对措施。
Objective To study the status of physical fitness of children and adolescents aged from 7 to 18 years in Shanghai from 2000 to 2014 and their changing trend, and to provide the basis for improving their physical health. Methods The LMS method was used to fit the P50 percentile curve of physical fitness of adolescents aged 7-18 years in Shanghai in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014, and to analyze the changing rules and gender differences. Results The results of grip strength, 50 m running and flexion (female) index of sitting body were all improved in all age groups (P <0.05). The male and female grip strength increased by 3.13 and 3.15 kg respectively, Average increase of 0.8 cm. Stand-up long jump, Steep pull-ups (male), Pull-ups (male), 1 min sit-ups, Ladies 50m × 8, (P <0.05). Among them, male and female standing bends dropped by an average of 11.0 and 8.59 cm, respectively, and endurance male and female students decreased by 2.75 and 2.32 s respectively. Conclusion Shanghai children and adolescents lower explosive force, muscle endurance, aerobic endurance showed a downward trend, need to take targeted measures.