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在分析柴油机活塞损坏的时候确定活塞裂纹尖端的应力强度因子是极为重要的。本文从线弹性断裂力学的基本理论出发,导出了光弹性法研究应力强度因子的计算公式,叙述了普通光弹性和激光全息光弹性法在研究应力强度因子方面的优缺点及试验中必须注意的事项。本文对一柴油机的活塞顶模型进行了试验,结果表明,试验值同有限元计算值颇为一致,证明光弹性法是一种研究柴油机零件应力强度因子的有效方法。
It is extremely important to determine the stress intensity factor at the crack tip of the piston when analyzing the diesel piston damage. Based on the basic theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, this paper deduces the formula of calculating the stress intensity factor of photoelasticity method, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of ordinary photoelasticity and laser holographic photoelasticity in the study of stress intensity factor matter. In this paper, the piston top model of a diesel engine has been tested. The results show that the experimental values are in good agreement with the calculated values of the finite element. It proves that the photoelastic method is an effective method to study the stress intensity factor of diesel engine parts.