寿命的长度以及是否免受疾病和残疾的困扰对民众而言都具有内在的价值。事实上,根据在经合组织国家所进行的调查,除就业状况之外,健康状况一直被列为民众生活最具价值的方面之一。健康状况还具有工具性价值,因为身体健康提高了人们参加教育和培训项目、参与就业市场以及拥有良好社会关系的几率。在社会层面上,总体健康状况较好的国家也具有较高的平均收入和财富、就业率、政治活动参与率、社交网络使用率和总体生活满意度。许多因素影响着我们的健康状况。遗传构成、是否抽烟或饮酒、是否超重或胆固醇高等个体特征具有重 The length of life and the protection from disease and disability are intrinsic values ​​to the population. In fact, according to surveys conducted in OECD countries, health status has always been ranked as one of the most valuable aspects of people’s life, except for employment status. Health status is also instrumental because good health increases the chances of people joining education and training programs, joining the job market, and having good social connections. At the social level, countries with better overall health also have higher average income and wealth, employment rates, participation in political activity, social network utilization and overall life satisfaction. Many factors affect our health. Genetic composition, whether smoking or drinking, whether overweight or high cholesterol, individual characteristics have a heavy