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目的研究三氯乙烯(TCE)及其代谢产物三氯乙酸(TCA)、三氯乙醇(TCOH)对豚鼠皮肤致敏作用。方法选用体重250~300 g SPF级白化Hartley豚鼠,雌雄各半,按OECD豚鼠最大值实验法,用TCE、TCOH、TCA分别对豚鼠进行皮内注射和涂皮结合法致敏,并设空白对照组及阳性对照组(二硝基氯苯,DNCB),观察各组动物皮肤的红斑和水肿等情况,计算致敏率。在终末激发24 h后用乙醚麻醉动物后处死,取涂抹部位及邻近皮肤进行病理学检查。结果 TCE、TCOH、TCA致敏率分别为80%、35%、0%,TCE致敏阳性组豚鼠皮肤可见中度弥漫的红斑、轻度水肿;TCOH致敏阳性组豚鼠皮肤可见散在或小块红斑。病理检查显示TCE致敏阳性组豚鼠表皮棘细胞层明显增厚,真皮乳头层及网织层可见淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞弥散或聚集性浸润及毛细血管轻度充血;TCOH致敏阳性组豚鼠表皮棘细胞层轻度增厚,真皮乳头层及网织层嗜酸性粒细胞弥散或聚集性浸润,夹杂少量淋巴细胞。结论TCE、TCOE可使豚鼠皮肤发生过敏性改变,TCE是强致敏物,TCOH为中度致敏物,TCA未见致敏作用。
Objective To study the skin sensitization of trichlorethylene (TCE) and its metabolites trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol (TCOH) on guinea pigs. Methods Whitelike Whitley Hartley guinea pigs weighing 250-300 g were sensitized by TCE, TCOH and TCA respectively according to OECD guinea pig maximum test. The control group was given blank control Group and the positive control group (dinitrochlorobenzene, DNCB), observe the erythema and edema of the skin of each group, and calculate the sensitization rate. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the final challenge with ether and sacrificed, the smear site and adjacent skin pathological examination. Results The sensitivities of TCE, TCOH and TCA were 80%, 35% and 0% respectively. Erythema and mild edema were observed in the skin of guinea pigs with positive TCE sensitization. TCOH sensitized positive skin of guinea pigs showed scattered or small erythema. Pathological examination showed that the prickle cell layer of guinea pigs with TCE-sensitized group was significantly thicker, and diffuse or aggregated infiltration of eosinophils and capillary hyperemia were seen in the dermal papillary layer and reticular layer. TCOH- Epidermal spinous cells slightly thickening, dermal papillary layer and mesh eosinophilic diffuse or aggregate infiltration, mixed with a small amount of lymphocytes. Conclusion TCE and TCOE can cause allergic skin changes in guinea pigs. TCE is a strong sensitizer, TCOH is a moderate sensitizer, and TCA has no sensitizing effect.