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作为与人类文明和生存密切相关的重大研究方向,温和条件下氮气的活化与转化(固氮)研究在1970~1990年代曾经是国际上备受关注的研究领域.但是,由于该领域极具挑战性,研究进展缓慢以及世界学术文化的变化,进入21世纪以来从事相关基础研究工作的化学研究者急剧减少.然而,毋庸置疑,实现温和条件下氮气的活化与转化是人类需要解决的重大科学问题,是人类社会可持续发展的要求,是科学家尤其是化学家最重要的使命之一.将氮气直接转化为含氮有机化合物是氮气的直接应用之一,本综述总结和归纳了文献报道的金属促进的以氮气为原料直接生成含氮有机化合物的转化方法和反应机理,产物主要包括胺类,酰胺类,酰亚胺类,腈类,二氮烯类,连氮类,碳二亚胺类,异氰酸酯类及杂环类有机化合物.本综述不包括将氮气转化成氨气和部分还原及质子化产物的文献.
As a major research field closely related to human civilization and survival, the research on the activation and transformation of nitrogen (nitrogen fixation) under mild conditions was once a field of international attention in the 1970s and the 1990s, but due to the extremely challenging field , The slow progress of research and the change of academic culture in the world, the number of chemists engaged in relevant basic research has dropped dramatically since the 21st century.No doubt, however, the activation and transformation of nitrogen under mild conditions is a major scientific problem to be solved by mankind, Is one of the most important missions of scientists, especially chemists.It is one of the direct applications of nitrogen to convert nitrogen to nitrogen-containing organic compounds. This review summarizes and summarizes the reports of metal promotion The conversion method and the reaction mechanism of directly generating nitrogen-containing organic compounds by using nitrogen as raw materials mainly include amines, amides, imides, nitriles, diazenes, azin, carbodiimides, Isocyanates and Heterocyclic Organic Compounds. This review does not include references that convert nitrogen to ammonia and partially reduced and protonated products.