威廉姆斯基于道德运气对功利主义和康德伦理学的批评:其一,功利主义将人们的道德思维视为一种后果主义的计算,以“福利最大化”原则评价道德,这样一来,人们必然对道德经验产生误解;其二,康德把理性看作人的本性,试图从“理性存在者”的概念推演出整个道德体系,这样必然忽略人的价值异质性。尽管威廉姆斯对功利主义和康德伦理学的批评有可取之处,但道德运气自身却存在一些问题:第一,它不能有效地解决道德判断和道德责任之间的关系;第二,如果说道德责任能够通过道德情境与道德感知得到合理的解释,那么道德运气是否存在确实值得怀疑。 Williams criticizes utilitarianism and Kant’s ethics based on moral luck. First, utilitarianism treats people’s moral thinking as a calculation of consequences and assesses morals in the principle of “maximizing welfare.” In this way, , People must have a misunderstanding of moral experience; secondly, Kant regards rationality as human nature and attempts to deduce the whole moral system from the concept of “rational being”, thus inevitably neglecting the value heterogeneity of human beings. Although there are merit in Williams’ criticism of utilitarianism and Kant’s ethics, moral luck itself has some problems: first, it can not effectively solve the relationship between moral judgment and moral responsibility; secondly, if we say Moral responsibility can be reasonably explained through moral context and morality, and the existence of moral luck is really doubtful.