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目的了解城乡妇女产褥期生活及卫生习惯情况,探讨现代妇女科学的产褥期行为方式。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取山东省青岛市市区(城市组)及莘县农村地区(农村组)2 342名产后1年以内的妇女进行问卷调查。结果农村组有2.6%的妇女产褥期从不下床活动,高于城市组的1.5%(P<0.05);农村组平均每天下床活动时间为2.59 h,低于城市组的3.35 h(P<0.05);农村组比城市组更注重保暖(P<0.05);农村组不洗澡、不洗头、不洗脚等行为发生率分别为52.0%、49.9%、26.6%,高于城市组的41.3%3、3.0%6、.7%,而不做产后体操、不做简单家务等行为的发生率分别为70.2%、26.4%,低于城市组的76.9%5、2.4%(P<0.05);农村组认为串门、吹风为产褥期行为禁忌的人数比例高于城市组,而认为晒太阳、洗澡、碰凉水、下床为禁忌的人数比例低于城市组(P<0.05)。结论城乡妇女产褥期不良行为发生率均较高,差异亦有统计学意义,需要引起足够的重视。
Objective To understand the puerperium life and hygiene habits of urban and rural women and to explore the modern puerperium science of women’s behavior patterns. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to survey 2 342 women within one year after birth in urban areas of Qingdao City in Shandong Province and rural areas of Shen County in rural areas. Results In rural areas, 2.6% of women never went to bed without going to bed, 1.5% higher than those in urban areas (P <0.05). In rural areas, the average daily ambulation time was 2.59 hours, which was lower than that in urban areas ). Rural residents paid more attention to warm-keeping than urban ones (P <0.05). In rural areas, the rates of no bathing, no shampooing and no washing of feet were 52.0%, 49.9% and 26.6% The prevalence of postpartum gymnastics and simple housework was 70.2% and 26.4% respectively, which was lower than 76.9% and 2.4% of the urban group (P <0.05). The ratio of inhabitants in the rural areas was higher than that in the city group. However, the proportion of people who were exposed to the sun, bathing, touching the cold water and contracting out of bed was lower than that of the urban group (P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rates of misconduct in urban and rural areas during puerperium are both high and the differences are statistically significant, which needs attention.