以6组水稻同核异质杂种F_1和亲本为材料,用系×测验系分析法和主成份分析法研究了四种水稻细胞质在19个性状上的杂种优势效应及其遗传距离。系×测验系分析表明,供试胞质对结实率等4个性状的杂种优势仅表现胞质基因效应,对剑叶光合强度等5个性状的杂种优势既表现胞质基因效应,又表现核质互作效应,可育胞质对这些性状多数表现正向胞质基因效应。遗传距离分析表现,雄不育胞质与可育胞质间的遗传差异大于不育胞质间的遗传差异,D胞质、G胞质与野败胞质的遗传差异大于D、G胞质问的遗传差异。以上结果表明,胞质可用来改良作物目标性状,遗传距离分析可作为研究胞质亲缘关系的一种方法。 Six hybrid rice heterotic F1 and parents were used as materials to study the heterosis effect and genetic distance of four cytoplasmic traits on four traits in rice × test-line analysis and principal component analysis. Department of × × test analysis showed that the test cytoplasm on the seed setting rate of four traits such as heterosis showed only cytosolic genetics, the flag leaf photosynthetic intensity of five traits such as heterosis showed both cytosolic and nuclear For the most of these traits, cytoplasmic effects were positive for the cytoplasmic interaction effect. Genetic distance analysis showed that the genetic difference between male sterile cytoplasm and fertile cytoplasm was greater than that between sterile cytoplasms. The genetic differences of D cytoplasm, G cytoplasm and wild lutein were greater than those of D, G cytoplasm Genetic differences. The above results show that the cytoplasm can be used to improve crop traits, genetic distance analysis can be used as a method of research cytoplasmic kinship.