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目前在我国西北、西南地区一些水电工程设计中,如何在狭窄河床上妥善布置大坝、溢洪道和厂房等枢纽建筑物,是一个相当突出的问题。针对这种情况,有关单位都把厂房顶过流型式作为研究比较方案,以期尽量压缩水工建筑物尺寸,少占河床挡水前沿。在这方面,第十三届国际大坝会议曾介绍土耳其卡拉卡亚(Karakaya)水电工程枢纽布置的情况,其中包括该工程的高坝利用厂房顶部做成反弧段,末端设鼻坎挑流;厂房与坝体分开,各自单独满足稳定条件,厂房间接缝部位用通气槽防止空蚀等较新的研究成果和设计内容,对我们都有一定的参考价值。为此,本文根据有关文献资料,在介绍该工程枢纽布置简况的同时,着重从水力学的观点,对厂房顶大单宽流量溢流、厂房上的作用力特别是厂房顶溢洪道上的动水压力、水工模型试验、大坝与厂房间的接缝等分别加以介绍。
At present, in the design of hydropower projects in northwest and southwestern regions in China, how to properly arrange the dam structures such as dams, spillways and factories in the narrow riverbed is a rather outstanding issue. In view of this situation, the relevant units regard the plant overcurrent as a comparative study program, in order to minimize the size of hydraulic structures, less waterfront leading edge. In this connection, the 13th International Conference on Dams presented the layout of the hydroelectric project hub in Karakaya, Turkey, including the anti-arc section at the top of the high-dam utilization plant and the pick-and- ; The separation of the plant from the dam body, each of them separately meets the stable condition, the newer research results and design contents of the joint part of the plant room with the ventilation groove to prevent cavitation and so on have a certain reference value to us. Therefore, this article based on the literature, introducing the layout of the project hub at the same time, focusing on the hydraulics point of view, the plant large top single wide flow overflow, the plant on the force, especially on the roof spillway on the water Pressure, hydraulic model test, the dam and the joints between the plants were introduced.