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1尿路感染的分类和病原学诊断尿路感染包括肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道等泌尿系统各个部位的感染,是最常见的临床感染性疾病之一。可发生于各年龄段,多见于女性。病原体培养提示常见菌群为大肠杆菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌属和革兰阴性棒状杆菌属(如克雷伯菌属和变形杆菌属)[1]。通常分为单纯性尿路感染、复杂性尿路感染、尿脓毒血症和男性生殖系统感染4类。治疗前的清洁中段尿标本培养是判断尿路感染病原菌的最可靠参考指标。推荐通过导尿法获取中段尿标本,也可采用耻骨上膀胱穿刺法。美国感染疾病学会
1 Classification and etiological diagnosis of urinary tract infection Urinary tract infections, including the urinary tract, kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra and other parts of the infection, is one of the most common clinical infectious diseases. Can occur in all age groups, more common in women. Pathogen cultures suggest that the common flora is Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Gram-negative Corynebacterium spp. (Eg, Klebsiella and Proteus) [1]. Often divided into simple urinary tract infections, complicated urinary tract infections, urinary sepsis and male genital infections 4 categories. Pre-treatment clean urine specimen culture is to determine the most reliable reference pathogen of urinary tract infection. It is recommended to obtain the middle of urinary specimens by catheterization, but also suprapubic bladder puncture. American Society of Infectious Diseases