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目的:掌握山西省不同水碘地区成人甲状腺结节患病情况，探讨碘与甲状腺结节的关系。方法:选择山西省太原市西温庄村作为适碘地区，文水县高车村和马西村分别作为高碘和低碘地区，对全部18 ~ 65岁常住居民进行问卷调查、甲状腺彩超检查以及尿碘含量测定，分析不同水碘地区成人甲状腺结节的患病情况。结果:共调查868人，其中高碘地区286人、适碘地区270人、低碘地区312人，高碘、适碘和低碘地区人群尿碘中位数（418.7、218.5、127.1 μg/L）组间比较差异有统计学意义（n H = 289.70，n P < 0.05）。高碘、适碘和低碘地区成人甲状腺结节检出率[31.1%（89/286）、27.4%（74/270）、19.2%（60/312）]组间比较差异有统计学意义（χ n 2 = 11.65，n P < 0.05），且高碘和适碘地区甲状腺结节检出率均高于低碘地区（ n P均 0.05）。高碘、适碘和低碘地区成人甲状腺多发结节检出率[13.3%（38/286）、13.3%（36/270）、6.1%（19/312）]组间比较差异有统计学意义（χ n 2 = 10.89，n P < 0.05），且高碘和适碘地区检出率均高于低碘地区（ n P均< 0.05）。高碘地区成人甲状腺结节以囊性结节为主。n 结论:碘营养适宜状态下，成人甲状腺结节的检出率最低，高碘摄入可能是甲状腺多发结节的一个危险因素。“,”Objective:To master the prevalence of thyroid nodule in adults in different water iodine areas and to explore the association between high iodine intake through drinking water and thyroid nodule prevalence.Methods:Xiwenzhuang Village of Taiyuan City was selected as iodine-adequate area, and Gaoche Village and Maxi Village of Wenshui County as high-iodine area and low-iodine area, respectively, in Shanxi Province. Questionnaire surveys were conducted, thyroid ultrasound was used and urinary iodine levels were determined of residents aged 18 to 65 years. Analysis of the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in different wated iodine areas.Results:A total of 868 person were investigated, including 286 in high-iodine area, 270 in iodine-adequate area and 312 in low-iodine area. The medians urinary iodine in high, adequate and low iodine areas were 418.7, 218.5 and 127.1 μg/L, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( n H = 289.70, n P < 0.05). The detection rate of thyroid nodule in adults with high, adequate and low iodine levels were 31.1% (89/286), 27.4% (74/270) and 19.2% (60/312), respectively, the differences were significant statistically among three groups (χ n 2 = 11.65, n P 0.05). The detection rate of multiple nodules in adults were 13.3% (38/286), 13.3% (36/270), and 6.1% (19/312), respectively, the differences were significant statistically among the three groups (χ n 2 = 10.89, n P < 0.05) high-iodine area and iodine-adequate area have higher detection rates than low-iodine area ( n P < 0.05). The thyroid nodules were mainly the cyst nodules in high-iodine area.n Conclusions:The detection rate of thyroid nodule in adults is the lowest in adequate iodine nutrition level. More iodine intake is probably a risk factor for thyroid multiple nodules.