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目的了解福田辖区重点企业存在的职业病危害因素,为职业卫生监管部门有效监督提供依据。方法由专业人员采集2014年福田区辖区内54家企业的职业病危害因素,通过自填式问卷调查职工防护用具佩戴情况。结果福田区各类职业危害因素中化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素的合格率分别为99.5%、97.0%和85.9%。调查的各类企业的总职业危害因素合格率分别是电子业98.6%、服装100.0%、汽修98.2%、物流91.5%、印刷97.0%和珠宝100.0%。在涉及化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素职业危害的企业中提供防护用品的合格率分别为28.26%、16.67%、21.28%。在接触化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素职业危害的工人中能正确使用防护用具的分别有28人(84.85%)、9人(90.00%)和9人(32.14%)。结论福田区职业危害以噪声为主,相关企业提供防护用具的合格率和工人对防护水平的正确使用率较低,应加强该地区企业物理因素职业危害的监管和相关企业员工的培训。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards that exist in key enterprises in Futian area and provide the basis for effective supervision of occupational health supervision departments. Methods Occupational hazards were collected by professionals in 54 enterprises in Futian District in 2014 and the wearing conditions of workers’ protective equipment were investigated through self-contained questionnaires. Results The occupational injury rates of chemical occupational hazards, dusts and physical factors in Futian District were 99.5%, 97.0% and 85.9% respectively. The percentages of total occupational hazard factors investigated in the surveyed enterprises were 98.6% in the electronics industry, 100.0% in garments, 98.2% in auto repair, 91.5% in logistics, 97.0% in printing and 100.0% in jewelry. The qualified rate of providing protective articles in enterprises involved in occupational hazards of chemical poisons, dust and physical factors are respectively 28.26%, 16.67% and 21.28%. 28 (84.85%), 9 (90.00%) and 9 (32.14%) were able to correctly use protective gear among workers exposed to occupational hazards of chemical poisons, dust and physical factors. Conclusion Occupational hazards in Futian District are noise-based. The qualified rate of protective equipment provided by related enterprises and the correct use rate of workers in protection level are relatively low. Occupational hazards of enterprises in the area should be regulated and staff training of relevant enterprises should be strengthened.