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随着科技的发展,越来越多的卫星上了天。细心的人会发现,发射地球静止轨道卫星的发射场,要么在本国国内纬度较低的地区,如中国的西昌卫星发射中心、美国的卡纳维拉尔角发射中心、日本的种子岛发射中心等;要么在国外另找一地纬度较低的地方建发射中心,如法属圭亚那库鲁航天发射中心;俄罗斯则在哈萨克斯坦的拜科努尔建发射中心(前苏联建立),发射中心尽量靠近地球赤道,这是为什么呢?首先要了解,什么是地球静止轨道卫星,它是指定点于地球赤道上空约36000千米高空,绕地球公转的周期与地球自转周期相同、方向也相同的卫星,在地面上的人看来,其位置是静止不动的。把发射地球静止轨道卫星的发射场建在靠近地球赤道的位置,主要有两方面原因,一是因为被发射卫星的飞行速度是由运载火箭的速度与地球速度的转动分量叠加起来形成的。我们知道,地球自转的线速度是从赤道向两极递减
With the development of science and technology, more and more satellites are on the sky. Careful people will find that the launching site for the launch of the geostationary satellites will either be in the lower latitudes of its own country, such as Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China, the Cape Canaveral Launch Center in the United States, the Tanegashima Launch Center in Japan, Or in other countries to find another low latitude to build a launch center, such as the French Guiana space shuttle Launch Center; Russia in Kazakhstan’s Baikonur launch center (established in the former Soviet Union), the launch center as far as possible First of all, what is the geostationary orbit satellite? It is a satellite that is designated at an altitude of about 36,000 kilometers above the equator of the earth, revolves around the Earth at the same period as the Earth’s rotation cycle and in the same direction In the view of the people on the ground, its position is still. The launching of a launch site for launching a geostationary satellite at a position close to the Earth’s equator can be attributed primarily to two reasons. One is that the flying speed of the satellite being launched is formed by the superposition of the speed of the launch vehicle and the rotational component of the Earth’s velocity. We know that the linear velocity of Earth’s rotation decreases from the equator to the poles