许多采矿工业发达的国家(美国、加拿大、西德、法国),在采矿企业中锚杆支架已代替了普通结构的巷道支架,而且这种支架已广泛应用于各种采矿技术条件。 当安设框式支架有困难或者不可能安设时(比如在那些只能采用金属拱形支架或梁式组合支架的大断面巷道中),采用锚杆支架最为有效。 锚杆支架的特点是能够维持住所控制的岩体自然结构上的联系。因此对锚杆支护施工基本要求之一就是快速安装锚杆,以保证把岩石未支护时间缩减到最小限度。 点状(锁紧式)锚固锚杆广泛采用了很长时间,这种锚杆有一系列较严重缺点:在深钻孔中装设这类锚杆较为困难;锚固区中岩石的尖灭会明显 Many mining industry developed countries (the United States, Canada, West Germany, France), in mining enterprises has replaced the anchor bracket bracket structure of ordinary roadway, and this bracket has been widely used in various mining conditions. When installing framed supports is difficult or impossible (such as in large cross-section tunnels that can only use metal arched or beam composite supports), the use of anchor supports is most effective. The characteristics of the anchor bracket are to maintain the natural structural connection of the controlled rock mass. Therefore, one of the basic requirements for the construction of bolt support is the quick installation of bolts to ensure that the rock unsupported time is reduced to a minimum. Point-like (locking) anchor bolts are widely used for a long time. This kind of anchor rod has a series of more serious shortcomings: it is difficult to install such rock bolts in deep boreholes;