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为研究厦门近海海域表层沉积物的结构特征、组成及来源,于2010年7月采集厦门湾表层沉积物,综合粒径分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法对沉积物进行表征。粒径分析的结果表明,沉积物的主体粒径在80μm附近,且有明显的次粒级峰,并以粗颗粒的主体粒级峰占有优势。研究的沉积物类型主要有三种,砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂-粉砂,其中砂质粉砂是分布最广泛的沉积物类型区域沉积物,其含量达90%以上;而粘土含量以背景点鸡屿岛为最高,达到11.97%。X射线衍射分析表明,沉积物中优势轻矿物为石英、高岭石,部分区域含有石墨及一些零星分布的伊利石、海绿石和斜绿泥石。这些矿物组成显示了厦门湾海域表层沉积物具有较好的亲陆性,同时,其组成也受到了涨潮流的较大影响。沉积物形貌形态的研究发现,厦门湾沉积物组分较为复杂,其中含有多种藻类及其碎片(主要为硅藻)、矿物颗粒(高岭石)及未知名碎片;形状主要有孔状结构、层叠状结构、长条片状和不规则的六边形块状等。
In order to study the structural characteristics, composition and source of surface sediments in Xiamen offshore waters, sediments were collected from surface sediments of Xiamen Bay in July 2010 by comprehensive particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results of particle size analysis show that the main particle size of the sediment is about 80μm, and there are obvious secondary peaks, and dominated by the major peaks of the coarse particles. There are mainly three types of sediments studied: sandy silt, silty sand and sand-silt, of which sandy silt is the most widely distributed sediment-type sediment with a content of more than 90%; while clay The content of the island Jiyu Island as the highest point, reaching 11.97%. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the dominant light minerals in the sediments are quartz and kaolinite, some areas contain graphite and sporadic illite, glauconite and metakaenite. These mineral compositions show that the surface sediments in the Xiamen Bay area have good densification, and their composition is also greatly affected by the rising tide. Sediment morphology analysis found that the Xiamen Bay sediments more complex components, which contains a variety of algae and debris (mainly diatoms), mineral particles (kaolinite) and unknown fragments; the shape of the main hole Structure, laminated structure, strip flake and irregular hexagonal block.