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本文认为,20世纪的科学哲学在对待“科学认知”的立场和策略上存在重大缺陷,经历的“语言转向”、“解释转向”、“修辞转向”战略性调整没有摆脱“认知困境”。80年代开始的“认知转向”是科学哲学研究方向的又一次战略性转移。转向发生的动因既有科学哲学内在因素的驱动,也有外在认知科学发展因素的诱导。内在因素是传统科学哲学的认知立场及其局限、蕴含的“认知困境”和对科学思维的深入研究。外在因素是认知科学对认知问题的深入研究产生的重要影响。“认知转向”将在各个方面对21世纪科学哲学的发展产生深远影响。
This paper argues that there is a major flaw in the position and tactics of the scientific philosophy of the 20th century regarding the “scientific cognition” of the 20th century. The “existential shift”, “explanation shift”, and “rhetorical shift” Adjustment did not get rid of “cognitive difficulties ”. The “cognitive shift” begun in the 1980s is another strategic shift in the research direction of philosophy of science. The motivation of the shift is driven by the internal factors of the philosophy of science as well as the external factors of the cognitive science development. The intrinsic factor is the cognitive standpoint and limitation of the traditional philosophy of science, which implies “Cognitive Predicament ” and in-depth study of scientific thinking. The extrinsic factor is the important influence of cognitive science on the in-depth study of cognitive problems. “Cognitive Turn” will have a far-reaching impact on the development of philosophy of science in the 21st century in all aspects.