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本文以《红楼梦》和《金瓶梅》为举证中心,考察了“貪”和“難”、“雞”二字在宋元以来至明清时代的呈现方式,发现令字头“貪”见于唐寅手稿乃至明清通俗小说以及官方文书中,论证令字头“貪”并非错字,而是历代以来的通用字;与此同时,考辨“难”并非“雞”的俗字,张涌泉先生对于“雞”到“難”的演变过程之解释,是把错误字当成了“古通用字”。《石头记》己卯、庚辰抄本作“難”和“难”字,应是钞胥因识别之误而造成的错字,并非通用字。
In this paper, “A Dream of Red Mansions” and “Jin Ping Mei” are taken as the evidence centers to examine the ways in which the expressions “greedy” and “difficult” and “chicken” were used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. “Corruption” is found in Tang Yin’s manuscripts and even in the popular novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties as well as in official documents. The argument is that the prefix “greedy” is not a typo, but a universal word since ancient times. At the same time, it is not “Chicken ” vulgar characters, Mr. Zhang Yongquan interpretation of the evolution of “chicken ” to “difficult ”, the wrong word as “ancient commonwealth ”. “Stone in mind,” Mao Mao, Geng Chen copy as “difficult ” and “difficult ” word should be due to identify the errors caused by the wrong word, not a common word.