物价即各种商品和服务的价格,是市场经济中的最重要的经济范畴。物价的高低和涨落,直接影响着市场的供求变化和企业的投资行为,影响着居民的实际收入和消费水平,从而严重地影响社会的稳定和经济的增长。因此,日本政府一直把稳定物价作为管理经济的重要目标和实现经济增长的最重要的条件,认为“物价 Price is the price of various goods and services and is the most important economic category in a market economy. The price level and fluctuation directly affect the changes of supply and demand in the market and the investment behavior of enterprises, affecting the actual income and consumption level of residents, thus seriously affecting social stability and economic growth. Therefore, the Japanese government has always regarded stabilizing prices as the most important objective of managing the economy and the most important condition for economic growth. They think that "price