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系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）是一种典型的自身免疫性疾病，发病与遗传因素有关。目前已知多种遗传基因影响该病的易感性，其中主要为人类白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）区域基因。ＨＬＡ区域基因分为三类，对Ⅰ类区域基因（Ａ．Ｂ、Ｃ位点）的研究较早，近年主要集中在对Ⅱ类区域基因的研究。该区域基因包括ＤＲＢ位点及ＤＱ、ＤＰ、ＤＯ、ＤＭ等基因位点，其中对ＤＲＢ、ＤＱ位点的研究较多。Ⅲ类区域基因主要为补体成分Ｃ２、Ｃ４、ＢＦ又肿瘤坏死因子、热休克蛋白７０等基因位点，它们与ＳＬＥ相关性研究的报道也较多见。除此而外，ＨＬＡ区域以外的基因尚有 Ｆａｓ基因、 ｂｃｌ－２基因、 Ｐ５３基因及 ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因，这些基因均通过影响细胞凋亡而影响ＳＬＥ的发病。本文对上述基因与ＳＬＥ的疾病相关性进行综述。
SLE is a typical autoimmune disease, the incidence of genetic factors. It is known that a variety of genetic factors affect the susceptibility of the disease, mainly the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region genes. HLA region genes are divided into three categories, the first type of regional genes (A. B, C sites) earlier, in recent years mainly focused on the class Ⅱ region genes. The region of genes including DRB sites and DQ, DP, DO, DM and other genetic loci, of which DRB, DQ sites more research. Class Ⅲ regional genes mainly complement components C2, C4, BF and tumor necrosis factor, heat shock protein 70 and other genetic loci, and their correlation with SLE reports are more common. In addition, there are Fas genes, bcl-2 genes, P53 genes and c-myc genes outside the HLA region. These genes affect the pathogenesis of SLE by affecting apoptosis. This article reviews the association of these genes with SLE disease.