目前全球制备碳纤维主要以聚丙烯腈(PAN)或沥青为原丝,但是这类碳纤维制备成本高,限制了其自动化工业领域的大规模应用。木质素由于具有较高的含碳量和碳化收率高,其可以作为前驱体来制备碳纤维。作为一种新型材料,木质素基碳纤维因其具有价格低廉、环保、原料丰富、可实现废弃资源再生利用等优点而备受关注。本文详细介绍了木质素的分类及结构特征,阐述了不同纺丝方法制备的碳纤维的力学性能,并对其未来发展进行展望。 At present, PAN or bitumen is mainly used for preparing carbon fiber in the world, but the preparation cost of such carbon fiber is high, which limits its large-scale application in the automation industry. Lignin can be used as a precursor to produce carbon fibers due to its high carbon content and high carbonization yield. As a new kind of material, lignin-based carbon fiber has drawn much attention due to its advantages such as low cost, environmental protection, abundant raw materials, and recyclable waste resources. In this paper, the classification and structural characteristics of lignin are introduced in detail. The mechanical properties of carbon fibers prepared by different spinning methods are expounded and their future development is prospected.