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目的了解北京市昌平区大气颗粒物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平,分析PAHs的污染来源,并进行人群健康风险评估。方法于2015年1—12月用大气采样器采集北京市昌平区大气样品,分别用称重法和高效液相色谱法检测大气PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)质量浓度和16种PAHs浓度;利用比值法分析PAHs的污染来源,并对其人群健康风险进行评估。结果 2015年北京市昌平区大气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的质量浓度范围分别为7.8~343.0μg/m~3和6.3~344.3μg/m~3,年均浓度分别为97.0、78.6μg/m~3;PAHs浓度范围为2.4~383.0 ng/m~3,年均浓度为87.8 ng/m~3。4环PAHs浓度与5、6环PAHs浓度比值范围为0.15~1.38。PAHs的等效毒性浓度以夏季最低(0.354 ng/m~3),冬季最高(29.816 ng/m3)。PAHs对成人及儿童的终身致癌超额风险分别为9.68×10~(-6)和6.14×10~(-6)。结论北京市昌平区大气颗粒物浓度高于GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准,PAHs污染主要来自本地污染;PAHs对成人的终身致癌风险高于儿童,但两者均处于可接受水平。
Objective To understand the pollution levels of particulate matter PM_ (10), PM_ (2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Changping District of Beijing, analyze the sources of pollution of PAHs and evaluate the health risk of the population. Methods Air samples from Changping District of Beijing were collected by air sampler from January to December in 2015. The concentrations of PM 10, PM 2.5 and 16 PAHs in the atmosphere were measured by weighing method and high performance liquid chromatography respectively. Analyze the sources of pollution of PAHs by using the ratio method and evaluate the health risk of their population. Results The atmospheric PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5) concentrations in Changping district of Beijing were 7.8 ~ 343.0μg / m ~ 3 and 6.3 ~ 344.3μg / m ~ 3 respectively in 2015 and the average annual concentrations were 97.0 and 78.6μg / m ~ 3; PAHs concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 383.0 ng / m ~ 3, with an average annual concentration of 87.8 ng / m ~ 3,4 PAHs and 5,6 PAHs concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 1.38. The equivalent toxic concentrations of PAHs were the lowest in summer (0.354 ng / m 3) and the highest in winter (29.816 ng / m 3). The lifetime carcinogenic excess risk of PAHs in adults and children were 9.68 × 10 -6 and 6.14 × 10 -6, respectively. Conclusions The concentration of atmospheric particulates in Changping District of Beijing is higher than the second level of Ambient Air Quality Standard GB 3095-2012. PAHs pollution mainly comes from local pollution. The lifetime carcinogenic risk of PAHs to adults is higher than that of children, but both are at an acceptable level .