地壳几乎到处都在发生垂直运动。某些地方它的上层上升(有的地方每年上升几公分),另一些地方下降。所有高地都受到冲刷作用,即所谓侵蚀作用。从高地上带下来的碎屑物质,随同河水一起被搬运到盆地里去。如果某地的上升运动快于侵蚀作用,则地面上升。这样,就逐渐形成大型的高地。而在地壳下降的地方则形成盆地。盆地中逐渐堆積着碎屑物质(砂 The crust is moving vertically almost everywhere. In some places its upper level rises (some places rise a few centimeters a year), while others decline. All highlands are subject to erosion, the so-called erosion. Crumbs brought down from the heights are transported to the basin along with the river. If somewhere ascending movement faster than erosion, the ground rises. In this way, gradually formed a large high ground. The basin was formed where the crust fell. Gradually accumulation of debris in the basin material (sand