目的了解某医院供水系统快速生长分枝杆菌(RGM)污染的状况,为医院水源性感染预防和控制提供依据。方法采集2011年9月某医院部分供水系统(水龙头)水样,过滤后接种7H10培养基培养;疑似菌落经抗酸染色和PCR检测hsp65基因确认为分枝杆菌属后,通过16SrRNA基因测序和基质辅助激光解析/电离飞行时间质谱(MS)鉴定方法进行菌种鉴定。结果共采集66份水样,有62份水样培养出RGM,检出率为93.9%;通过16SrRNA基因测序鉴定,62株RGM中以脓肿分枝杆菌为主49株占79.0%,其次依次为马德里分枝杆菌占6.5%、马西利亚分枝杆菌占3.2%和黏液分枝杆菌占3.2%等,各采样点之间RGM检出率差异无统计学意义;与测序方法相比,60株RGM经MS鉴定至属水平,符合率达96.8%;49株RGM鉴定至种或复合群水平,符合率为79.0%。结论医院供水系统RGM污染严重,部分菌株可能成为医院感染的潜在威胁;MS可用于供水系统中RGM的快速鉴定。 Objective To understand the status of rapid growth of mycobacteria (RGM) in a hospital water supply system and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of water-borne infections in hospitals. Methods The water samples of some water supply system (faucet) in a hospital were collected in September 2011. The samples were filtered and inoculated with 7H10 medium. The suspected colonies were identified as mycobacteria by acid-fast staining and PCR. After 16S rRNA gene sequencing and matrix Assisted laser desorption / ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) identification methods for species identification. Results A total of 66 water samples were collected, of which 62 samples were cultured to produce RGM. The detection rate was 93.9%. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 49 strains of Mycobacterium abscess were found in 62 RGM strains, accounting for 79.0%, followed by Mycobacterium casei accounted for 6.5%, Mycobacterium Marcellaa 3.2% and Mycobacterium phlei 3.2%. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of RGM between the sampling points. Compared with the sequencing method, 60 The identification rate of RGM was 96.8% by MS, and 49 strains of RGM were identified to the level of species or complex with the coincidence rate of 79.0%. Conclusion The RGM of hospital water supply system is seriously polluted, and some strains may be potential threats to nosocomial infection. MS can be used for the rapid identification of RGM in water supply system.