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20世纪80年代以来,拉美国家普遍向外向型发展模式转型,强调由出口拉动经济增长。在这种发展模式下,拉美地区开放度和国际影响力都有所提高,经济发展水平也呈较大幅度的上升。但与此同时,这一模式也对拉美国家的经济发展产生了一些负面作用,引发甚至加剧一系列社会问题,影响了其经济的可持续性发展和社会稳定。与拉美相似,中国也经历从进口替代向出口导向转变的发展模式的调整过程,当前经济具有较明显的外向型特征。本文通过分析拉美发展模式转型以及外向型经济发展模式产生的经济成效和社会成效,总结其近30年发展历程中的经验与教训,为中国当前建设和谐社会提出建议。
Since the 1980s, Latin American countries have generally shifted to the export-oriented development mode, emphasizing that exports are driving economic growth. In this mode of development, the degree of openness and international influence in Latin America has increased, and the level of economic development has also risen substantially. At the same time, however, this model has also had some negative effects on the economic development of Latin American countries, triggering or even aggravating a series of social problems that have affected the sustainability of its economy and social stability. Similar to Latin America, China has also undergone a process of adjustment from the development mode of import substitution to export orientation. The current economy has a more obvious outward-oriented characteristic. This article summarizes the experiences and lessons in its development over the past 30 years by analyzing the economic results and social achievements produced by the transition of Latin American development mode and the export-oriented economic development mode, and makes suggestions for the current construction of a harmonious society in China.