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目的探讨深圳市宝安区某街道企业近年来存在的职业病危害因素中有机毒物接触现状及其变化趋势,预防职业病的发生。方法 2006-2011年间,对涉及有机毒物的企业车间空气进行苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷和三氯乙烯检测。结果 2006-2011年分别检测了167、385、430、466、500、549家接触有机毒物的企业,检测率分别为41.44%、88.51%、89.96%、91.91%、93.98%、95.81%,检测合格率分别为70.66%、82.86%、87.91%、90.99%、94.00%、95.08%,检测率和检测合格率呈逐年上升的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷和三氯乙烯的合格率分别由2006年的87.64%、87.91%、87.64%、69.57%、68.75%,上升至2011年的97.86%、98.25%、98.38%、90.70%、92.86%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2006-2011各年间有机毒物接触企业检测率、检测合格率逐年上升,苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷和三氯乙烯的检测合格率略呈上升趋势,但仍有少数企业存在超标情况。
Objective To investigate the current status and trends of exposure to organic toxicants among occupational hazards in a street enterprise in Bao’an District of Shenzhen City in recent years and to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases. Methods During the period 2006-2011, benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane and trichlorethylene were tested on the air of the enterprises’ workshops involving organic toxins. Results A total of 167,385,430,466,500,549 organic toxicants were detected in 2006-2011, with detection rates of 41.44%, 88.51%, 89.96%, 91.91%, 93.98% and 95.81% The rates were 70.66%, 82.86%, 87.91%, 90.99%, 94.00%, 95.08% respectively. The detection rate and the passing rate of detection showed a trend of increasing year by year with a significant difference (P <0.01). The passing rates of benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane and trichlorethylene increased from 87.64%, 87.91%, 87.64%, 69.57% and 68.75% in 2006 to 97.86%, 98.25% and 98.38% respectively in 2011, 90.70%, 92.86%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The detection rate of organic poison exposure enterprises in 2006-2011 and the passing rate of testing have been increasing year by year. The passing rate of benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane and trichlorethylene shows a slight upward trend, but there are still a few enterprises that have exceeded their standards.