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[摘 要]雷电是一种大气中放电现象,产生于积雨云或强对流云中,雷电强时电压可达500kV/cm以上,电流可达几十kA乃至几百kA,雷电通道温度可达几千℃到几万℃,它具有爆发性强,对地放电时具有很强的破坏力,常会造成雷电灾害,出现频率高的特点,目前是中国十大自然灾害之一。据统计1998-2001年全国直接经济损失超过100万元的雷电灾害每年都在10次以上,平均每年雷击死亡379人,伤310人。本世纪,随着科学技术的发展和人们防雷意识的提高,也推动了防雷技术的不断改进和发展。本文将介绍一种高层建筑物避雷带新型安装技术,该新型安装技术方法具有快速安装拆卸的功能,且强度稳固性较高,增强避雷带的耐久性,从而可以提高防雷装置安装技术水平。
[关键词]高层建筑物;避雷带;新型;安装设计方案
中图分类号:TU895
[Abstract]Lightning is an atmospheric discharge phenomenon, resulting in cumulonimbus or strong convective clouds, strong lightning voltage up to 500kV/cm, current up to tens of kA and even hundreds of kA, the lightning channel temperature up to tens of thousands of thousands of C to C, it has a strong burst of discharge, has a strong destructive power, often caused by lightning disaster and the characteristic of the high frequency, is currently one of the ten natural disasters Chinese. According to statistics, 1998-2001 years of national direct economic losses of more than 1 million yuan of lightning disasters are more than 10 times a year, the average annual lightning strikes 379 people, injured 310 people. In this century, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's awareness of lightning protection, the continuous improvement and development of lightning protection technology have been promoted. This article will introduce a new installation technology for high-rise building lightning belt. The new installation technology has the function of rapid installation and disassembly, and has high strength and stability, and enhances the durability of the lightning protection belt, so as to improve the installation technology level of lightning protection device.
[Key word]High rise buildings;Lightningbelt;New type;Installation design scheme
中圖分类号:J62.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-914X(2018)48-0093-02
1 防雷技术的发展
自从1749年富兰克林发明避雷针到20世纪初这150年的时间里,在防雷技术方面几乎没有什么进展,究其原因有二:一是社会生产方式与生活环境变化不大,建筑物大多不高,有避雷针已能进行保护,且稍有电子和微电子设备,对防雷技术和措施没有提出迫切的新需求;二是在大气电学理论方面探索进展很少,不可能指导防雷技术有大的发展。进入20世纪以来,随着科学技术的逐步发展和人类在大气电学理论、探测技术的逐步发展,电的广泛利用、使人类进入工业化和信息化、现代化社会,高层建筑如雨后春笋洒满大地,各种用电设备层出不穷,随之各种雷害不断产生,单靠一根避雷针已无法对雷电灾害进行有效的防护,迫切需要防雷技术有一个大的发展。所以,防雷技术开始出现进展,特别是进入80年代后,高新技术迅猛发展,人类已进入信息时代,高集成化电子设备如计算机、通信设备及工业自控系统已广泛应用,雷电具有高电压、大电流和瞬时性特点,强大的闪电产生静电场、电磁场和电磁辐射以及雷电波侵入、地位电压反击等,严重干扰无线电通讯和各种电子设备的正常工作,在一定范围内对微电子设备造成破坏,因此,雷电灾害发生了新的变化,正如IEC指出:“雷电,高科技的天敌”,雷电灾害发生的频率越来越高,造成的损失越来越大,急需新的防雷技术措施和方法。所谓防雷并不是不让雷击发生,而是为雷电流规划设计一条顺畅的入地通道,不让它流经需要保护的设备和区域,现代防雷技术就是通过一系列措施,全方位的控制雷电流的入侵,从而防止雷电灾害的发生。
[关键词]高层建筑物;避雷带;新型;安装设计方案
中图分类号:TU895
[Abstract]Lightning is an atmospheric discharge phenomenon, resulting in cumulonimbus or strong convective clouds, strong lightning voltage up to 500kV/cm, current up to tens of kA and even hundreds of kA, the lightning channel temperature up to tens of thousands of thousands of C to C, it has a strong burst of discharge, has a strong destructive power, often caused by lightning disaster and the characteristic of the high frequency, is currently one of the ten natural disasters Chinese. According to statistics, 1998-2001 years of national direct economic losses of more than 1 million yuan of lightning disasters are more than 10 times a year, the average annual lightning strikes 379 people, injured 310 people. In this century, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's awareness of lightning protection, the continuous improvement and development of lightning protection technology have been promoted. This article will introduce a new installation technology for high-rise building lightning belt. The new installation technology has the function of rapid installation and disassembly, and has high strength and stability, and enhances the durability of the lightning protection belt, so as to improve the installation technology level of lightning protection device.
[Key word]High rise buildings;Lightningbelt;New type;Installation design scheme
中圖分类号:J62.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-914X(2018)48-0093-02
1 防雷技术的发展
自从1749年富兰克林发明避雷针到20世纪初这150年的时间里,在防雷技术方面几乎没有什么进展,究其原因有二:一是社会生产方式与生活环境变化不大,建筑物大多不高,有避雷针已能进行保护,且稍有电子和微电子设备,对防雷技术和措施没有提出迫切的新需求;二是在大气电学理论方面探索进展很少,不可能指导防雷技术有大的发展。进入20世纪以来,随着科学技术的逐步发展和人类在大气电学理论、探测技术的逐步发展,电的广泛利用、使人类进入工业化和信息化、现代化社会,高层建筑如雨后春笋洒满大地,各种用电设备层出不穷,随之各种雷害不断产生,单靠一根避雷针已无法对雷电灾害进行有效的防护,迫切需要防雷技术有一个大的发展。所以,防雷技术开始出现进展,特别是进入80年代后,高新技术迅猛发展,人类已进入信息时代,高集成化电子设备如计算机、通信设备及工业自控系统已广泛应用,雷电具有高电压、大电流和瞬时性特点,强大的闪电产生静电场、电磁场和电磁辐射以及雷电波侵入、地位电压反击等,严重干扰无线电通讯和各种电子设备的正常工作,在一定范围内对微电子设备造成破坏,因此,雷电灾害发生了新的变化,正如IEC指出:“雷电,高科技的天敌”,雷电灾害发生的频率越来越高,造成的损失越来越大,急需新的防雷技术措施和方法。所谓防雷并不是不让雷击发生,而是为雷电流规划设计一条顺畅的入地通道,不让它流经需要保护的设备和区域,现代防雷技术就是通过一系列措施,全方位的控制雷电流的入侵,从而防止雷电灾害的发生。