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改革开放以后,媒介对政府机构及官员的批评从无到有,并逐渐增加,引起社会和学术界的广泛关注和大量称颂,以及众多评论。本文从制度分析的立场,提出批评报道——特别是中央政府手中直接控制的媒介所从事的批评报道——在市场转型期作为一种“治理技术”的观点。这种治理技术的最主要的特征在于:把媒介作为一种行政权力,以舆论监督的形式超程序运作,打破地方保护主义,制裁违纪官员,特别是直接处置那些通常活跃于“天高皇帝远”地域的基层官员,目的在于实施迅速而快捷的惩戒同时,在公众面前树立并巩固党和政府公正无私的形象。
After the reform and opening up, the media criticized government agencies and officials from scratch, and gradually increased, aroused widespread concern and a lot of praise from society and academia, and many comments. From the standpoint of institutional analysis, this essay puts forward the criticism reports, especially those directly controlled by the Central Government, as a kind of “governance technology” in the market transition period. The most important feature of this technology is that the media, as an administrative power, operates in a super-procedural manner in the form of public opinion supervision, breaking local protectionism and sanctioning officials who violate disciplines. In particular, it directly disposes of officials who are usually active in the “Emperor Gao Tian Far ”area of grassroots officials, aimed at the implementation of rapid and speedy disciplinary at the same time, in the public establishment and consolidation of the party and government impartial image.