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1992～1994年在北京对华北6省市以及国外近年来育成的一些冬小麦品种的籽粒灌浆特性进行了研究。在每亩40万穗左右、亩产400kg的条件下,决定籽粒产量的最重要性状是千粒重;而决定千粒重的主要因素是平均灌浆速率(AR)。山东品种的千粒重和AR在6省市为最高。采用Lo-gistic方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合并求得有关灌浆参数。开花早的品种灌浆速率(R,R_(max))高,灌浆持续时间(T)较长,千粒重也高。相关分析表明,R和R_(max)与千粒重的相关系数分别为0.469和0.816;与T的相关系数分别为-0.948和-0.744。灌浆参数的逐步回归分析指出,决定千粒重的最重要参数是R_(max),其次是T。在21个代表性品种中以H88—65(饱满度为2级)的灌浆模式最优,其有关参数为:R=0.2284g/100粒/天,R_(max)=0.3015g/100粒/天,T=28.8天,千粒重=56.2g。从育种的角度考虑,北部冬麦区要增加粒重,以提高灌浆速率而不加长灌浆持续时间的策略较为有利。
The grain filling characteristics of some winter wheat cultivars bred from 6 provinces and cities in North China and abroad in recent years were studied in Beijing from 1992 to 1994. The most important trait that determines the grain yield is about 400 grain weight per acre, and 400 kg per mu. The main factor that determines the grain weight is the average grain filling rate (AR). Shandong varieties of grain weight and AR in 6 provinces and municipalities for the highest. The Lo-gistic equation was used to fit the grain filling process and obtain the grouting parameters. Flowering early varieties of grain filling rate (R, R max) high filling duration (T) longer grain weight is also high. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between R and R max and 1000-grain weight were 0.469 and 0.816 respectively, and the correlation coefficients with T were -0.948 and -0.744, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis of grouting parameters indicates that the most important parameter that determines the 1000-grain weight is R max, followed by T. The grouting pattern of H88-65 (plump degree 2) among the 21 representative cultivars was the best with the relevant parameters as follows: R = 0.2284g / 100g / day, Rmax = 0.3015g / 100g / Day, T = 28.8 days, grain weight = 56.2g. From the perspective of breeding, it is advantageous to increase the grain weight in the northern winter wheat area to increase the filling rate without prolonging the duration of the filling.