近代外国地形学的理论水平是很低的。近年来,它发展的特点是:不但没有扩大,而是缩小了自已的研究范围,把自已完全变成了一门研究地球表面小地形的科学:此外,对于地球表面地形的大的特征,不知为什么却把它完全拚弃于自已的研究范围之外。现在外国的地形学对于自己研究的对象,无论就其字面意义(把地形学[гзоморфология]看为研究形态的科学1),或是就其引伸的意义而言,都全是形式的。它忽视了大地构造学、地球化学、水文学等这些与自已相邻且与自已 The theoretical level of modern foreign topography is very low. In recent years, its development has not only failed to expand, but has narrowed its own research scope and completely transformed itself into a science that studies the small topography of the earth’s surface: in addition, for the large features of the earth’s surface topography, Why it is completely abandoned in the scope of their own research. Now foreign terrain is formal for the objects of its own research, both in its literal meaning (the science of the topography [гзоморфология] as a research form), or in the sense of its extension. It ignores the tectonics, geochemistry, hydrology, and these are adjacent to themselves and with their own