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在大田试验条件下,比较了大穗型小麦品种泰农18和多穗型品种济南17的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、可溶性蛋白和总糖含量、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量对不同程度弱光响应的差异,为黄淮麦区小麦高产稳产栽培及品种选用提供理论依据。从开花期至成熟期分别对两品种进行25%(S1)、50%(S2)和90%(S3)的弱光处理,以正常光照(S0)为对照。结果表明,S1和S2处理提高了小麦灌浆期内旗叶叶绿素含量和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),而S3处理提高了花后0～6d旗叶叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm,之后显著低于对照;随弱光程度增强旗叶花后实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)升高,而叶绿素a/b比降低。S2和S3处理显著抑制了旗叶抗氧化酶活性,降低了旗叶Pn、可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖含量;而S1处理增强了旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高了小麦旗叶Pn、可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖含量。相同处理条件下,与泰农18相比,济南17的旗叶叶绿素含量较高,光系统II(PSII)活性较强,同时抗氧化酶活性下降较慢,膜脂过氧化程度低,使叶片功能免受破坏,保证了光合作用的进行。75%光照条件下(S1)的小麦抗氧化酶具有较高活性,叶片膜脂化程度低,抗逆性较强,旗叶Pn高值持续期长,有利于光合产物的积累。多穗型品种比大穗型品种更能适应黄淮麦区小麦生育后期光照不足的生产条件。
Under field conditions, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), soluble protein and total sugar content, antioxidative enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of big-spike wheat cultivar TaiNong 18 and multi-spike cultivar Jinan 17 were compared. MDA) to different extents of low light response, providing the theoretical basis for the high-yielding and stable cultivation of wheat in Huanghuai wheat area and the selection of varieties. The two cultivars were treated with low light (25% (S1), 50% (S2) and 90% (S3)) from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. The normal light (SO) was used as the control. The results showed that S1 and S2 treatments increased flag leaf chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm) during grain filling, while S3 treatment increased flag leaf chlorophyll content and Fv / Fm from 0 to 6 d after flowering, and then decreased significantly Compared with the control, the actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) of flag leaves increased with the increase of weak light intensity, while the chlorophyll a / b ratio decreased. S2 and S3 significantly inhibited the activities of flag leaf antioxidase and decreased the contents of Pn, soluble protein and total soluble sugar in flag leaf, while S1 increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) ) Activity, increased wheat flag leaf Pn, soluble protein and soluble total sugar content. Under the same treatment conditions, the content of chlorophyll in flag leaf of Jinan 17 was higher than that of Tianyin 18, and the activity of PSII was stronger. At the same time, the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased slowly and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was low. Function from damage, to ensure the photosynthesis. Under 75% light condition (S1), the wheat antioxidant enzyme activity was higher, leaf lipid membrane lipidification degree was lower, resistance was stronger, and the flag leaf Pn high value duration was longer, which was good for photosynthate accumulation. Multi-spike varieties can better adapt to the light-deficient production conditions in the late growth stage of wheat in the Huanghuai wheat area than the large-spike varieties.