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目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在人卵巢、子宫内膜中的表达及其在月经周期中的变化规律。方法 收集人正常卵巢、子宫内膜组织标本各20例，采用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF的表达。结果 (1) 卵巢VEGF表达定位于颗粒细胞胞浆及胞膜，卵泡膜细胞也有少量分泌，卵泡液呈阳性表达；原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡表达依次增强，三者之间表达强度有显著性差异（P<0.001）。(2) 子宫内膜VEGF表达定位于腔上皮及腺上皮，在增生中后期及分泌早期表达逐渐增强，分泌中期为表达高峰，与其他各时期比表达强度有显著性差异（P<0.001）。结论 (1) VEGF随卵泡生长表达逐渐增强，与卵母细胞成熟同步，提示VEGF可能通过旁分泌作用促进卵泡的生长发育。(2)VEGF在子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮局部表达，随月经周期发生规律性改变，分泌中期表达最强，提示VEGF可能参与胚胎着床过程。
Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human ovary and endometrium and its changes in the menstrual cycle. Methods Twenty specimens of normal ovary and endometrium were collected and the expression of VEGF was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results (1) The expression of VEGF in ovarian tissue was localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of granulosa cells, with a small amount of secretion of follicular cells and positive expression of follicular fluid. The expression of primary follicles, primary follicles and secondary follicles were enhanced in turn, Significant difference (P <0.001). (2) The expression of VEGF in endometrium was localized in the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium. The expression of VEGF in the endometrium of the proliferative phase and the early phase of secretory secretion increased gradually. The expression of VEGF in the endometrium was peaked in the metaphase and significantly different from that in other stages (P <0.001). Conclusions (1) The expression of VEGF gradually increases with follicular growth and synchronizes with oocyte maturation, suggesting that VEGF may promote the growth and development of follicles through paracrine effect. (2) Local expression of VEGF in the endometrial epithelium and glandular epithelium, with the regular changes of the menstrual cycle, the strongest secretory mid-term expression, suggesting that VEGF may be involved in embryo implantation process.