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三、雇工队伍壮大在康熙初年,由于手工业和商业的发展,雇工队伍已颇具规模。尔后,由于人口迅速增加,土地高度集中,以及政府进一步放宽了对手工业和商业的政策,使得雇工人数急剧增加。据史料载,清朝初年全国人口5300万。到康熙二十四年(1685年),已首次突破1亿大关,达到了1.1亿。以后,人口直线上升;到乾隆二十七年《1762年),超过2亿;五十九年,达到3.1亿,而道光十六年(1836年年),竟高达4亿多!
Third, the growth of the workforce In the early Kangxi, due to the development of handicrafts and commerce, the number of hired workers is quite large. Since then, the rapid increase in population, highly concentrated land, and the government’s further liberalization of handicrafts and commerce have led to a dramatic increase in the number of hired workers. According to historical records, the population of 53 million in the early Qing Dynasty. Twenty-four years to Kangxi (1685), for the first time exceeded 100 million mark, reaching 110 million. Since then, the population has risen linearly; to twenty-seven years of Qianlong’s “1762”), more than 200 million; in ninety-nine years the figure has reached 310 million; but in Daoguang’s 16th year (1836), it reached as high as more than 400 million!