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黄河流域近年来用水出现以下特点 : ①用水总量稳定 ,用水对来水丰枯情况并不敏感 ,但用水量超过了允许开发利用量 ,处于不可持续的暂时均衡状态 ; ②行业用水结构变化缓慢。农业、工业用水基本稳定 ,生活用水量呈增加趋势 ,但由于生活用水比重小而对总体用水结构影响不大 ; ③在上中下游用水结构中 ,上游用水量略有上升趋势 ,中下游用水稳中有降 ; ④总体用水效益较低 ,但黄河中游的用水效益较高。在南水北调工程实施前 ,黄河流域的可供水量为 4 80× 1 0 8～ 5 1 0× 1 0 8m3 ,黄河流域的用水将根据现有水资源分配方案的改变与否呈现不同的趋势。如果坚持现有的水资源分配方案 ,用水的地区和行业结构变化将十分缓慢。如果加强水资源管理 ,实施水权水价新法规 ,重新调整水资源分配方案 ,用水结构会发生较快的转变。
In recent years, the Yellow River Basin has the following characteristics of water use: ① The total amount of water is stable, water is not sensitive to flooding, but the water consumption exceeds the allowable amount of exploitation and utilization, in an unsustainable temporary equilibrium; . However, due to the small proportion of domestic water consumption, the overall water use structure has little effect. ③ In the upper and lower reaches of the water structure, the water consumption in the upper reaches slightly increases and the water consumption in the middle and lower reaches is steady In the lower; ④ overall water efficiency is low, but the water efficiency of the middle reaches of the Yellow River is higher. Before the implementation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the available water supply in the Yellow River Basin was 4880 × 108 ~ 510 × 108m3. The water consumption in the Yellow River Basin will show different trends depending on whether the existing water resources allocation plan is changed or not. If we stick to the existing water allocation plan, the changes in water use in the areas and industries will be very slow. If we strengthen the management of water resources, the implementation of new laws and regulations on water rights and water tariffs, readjust the water resources allocation plan, the water structure will change rapidly.